Fiber Optic

How do fiber-optic

Suppose
we want to send bundles of light rays through a path, so that we can
draw the path of light through this as light travels through the
straight lines. Problem that can Tsadvina is if this path contains a turning point, what can be done in such a situation? The
solution is to put a mirror at the point of inflexion (Bending) that in
order to reflect light at this corner and return to the track. How if the path contains many of the turning points? In
this case we need a mirror at every turn, and placed the mirror at an
angle to allow light to return to the heart at each corner along the
path. This is exactly what is happening
inside the optical fiber. Valdu travel through the pulp (the path) with
leaps regular cover (mirror) at the turning points according to the
so-called reflection total internal (Total Internal Reflection), and
because the atmosphere does not absorb any of the traffic signals mobile
within the heart, the light signals can be
transmitted over long distances. But some of these signals weaken within
the fiber because of the purity of glass contamination for example, and
the extent to which can be diluted when these signals depends on the
degree of purity of the glass that made him fibers and also supports the
wavelength of the light sent through it (for example, 850 nm weakened
by between 60 to 75 percent per kilometer) and some fiber which weakens
the signal by less (10% per km at 1550 nm wavelength). communication
system over fiber Aldoiipetkon this system the following elements: the
transmitter (Transmitter): The to receive
and guide the device to the light source (LASER or LED) and run it on
and off as the correct sequence, thus generating the traffic light. And
the transmitter is close to the optical fiber may contain lenses
(focused lens) in order to gather and focus light within the tissue
Bwria photosynthesis. Laser light has
more power than that possessed of light from the LED emitter, but is
more sensitive to changes in temperature, it also more expensive. FTTH
(Fiber Optics) an environment of communication between the sender and
the receiver. A regeneration point
(Optical Regenerator): we pointed out in the above to some loss in
signal (Signal Loss) when the light travels inside the fiber for long
distances - as is happening inside the submarine cables - and this
reached a tonic and organs to regenerate the signal along the cable in
order to enhance weak signals. And
consists of the device from the optical fiber with special coverage
inlaid (doping), and works this section of the fiber pump laser (pump);
When you arrive weak signal to this section, the laser energy here to
make molecules traffic light works as if they were the source of the
laser, whereupon the firing signals light
of new and strong, but the same characteristics as the reference
vulnerable the next. This means that this device works as if he
amplifier laser for the signal coming to it. receiver (Optical
Receiver): takes the signal, optical digital, and to loose encrypted and
sent as a signal power to the user, whether it a computer or TV cable or phone. It
contains the receiver optical photocells (photocells) or Valves E-light
(photodiode) in order to feel the notes the traffic light. Preference
optical fiber (Advantages) Why Caused fiber optic technology revolution
in the world of communication compared with the wiring other traditional
- copper wires, for example?


Reason appears in the following points:

1. The relatively low cost.
2. Paper and the accuracy of the fiber. This leads to .. -
The ability to transport high (Higher carrying capacity) because of the
paper fibers, many of which can be inside the cable bundle with a
diameter more than if the copper wires in the cable has the same
diameter, which means a greater number of telephone lines connected or
if the available TV channels we are talking about cable television system. - It has less in the signal. - Carries light signals. Unlike
the copper wires that carry electrical signals, optical signals do not
overlap (interference) among them, which means phone calls or television
reception clearer. - The ability of lower transmission (Low Power). - Digital signals (Digital Signal). Optical
fiber is designed primarily for the transfer of digital signals, and
this is especially useful in computer networks or the Internet. - Non-flammable. In the absence of the passage of electric current in it, there is no risk of burning. - Lighter in weight (lightweight). Compared with copper wire. And occupy less space when you pass under the earth's surface. - Flexible (flexible). Because
of the high flexibility and send and receive light, they are used in
many of the cameras digital for the purposes of theorizing Medical
(Medical Imaging), examine the work of welding inside the pipes and
engines Mickey **** Yeh difficult to access in airplanes, cars and
rockets, as used in the plumbing pipes and narrow scanned . -
How to create a fiber optic? Already stated that the main material in
manufacturing is the glass - which is the main source of sand for him -
because of too many details in this issue brief, we shall see. Optical fiber industry


Requires passage through several stages:

At the outset the work cylinder glass by a process of sedimentation Bukhari chemical rate (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) is a complex process carried out under high temperature and conditions of special chemical, and is the interaction of chloride silicon Sicl4 and chloride Germanium Gecl4 bubbles with oxygen, to produce silicon oxide Sio2 and oxide germanium Geo2 which bring together and Ivaba inside the pipe to form a glass or material fiber. and then be withdrawn in the form of wires, high and long in machines like lathes (Lathe) and are private and very accurate, called Towers pull fiber (Fiber Drawing Tower) and is covered fiber with a layer of plastic to protect them . then be examined fiber from several aspects such as: tensile strength, regularity Qatar heart and the dimensions of the covers of protection, the vulnerability of the signal with the increase in length, the bandwidth (bandwidth), operating temperature and the humidity, and their links to weak signal, and finally the conductivity under water